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- NATION, Page 36Boosting Cottage Capitalism
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- Borrowing an idea from Bangladesh, U.S. community lending
- programs are helping the poor to help themselves
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- Three years ago, Judith Rickenbacker turned her Chicago town
- house into a laboratory for capitalist invention, international
- cooperation and entrepreneurial zeal. She did it by buying a
- sewing machine.
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- Rickenbacker used to be a hotel bookkeeper, dreaming of what
- life would be like without a boss. Her break came when she was
- able to borrow $500 to buy a powerful new sewing machine and
- become a professional seamstress. Having repaid the loan after
- one year, she is thinking about expanding her operation.
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- This triumph of cottage capitalism may not sound like a
- model of international business strategy. But the program that
- helped Rickenbacker secure her loan is part of a worldwide
- effort to use "microlending" to provide credit to people
- without collateral. Its roots lie not in a U.S. university,
- boardroom or foundation but thousands of miles away in, of all
- places, the villages of Bangladesh. Development officers in the
- Third World have found that self-employment, backed by training
- and access to credit, can be a path out of poverty.
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- Muhammad Yunus, founder of Bangladesh's Grameen Bank,
- popularized this simple idea: give small "peer groups" the
- credit they need to start their own businesses. They then act
- as a combination credit committee and collection agency: if one
- member defaults, the others must pay back the money. The
- average Grameen loan is $67, and the repayment rate is 98%.
- Among those groups following his lead was Chicago's
- Neighborhood Institute, which gave Rickenbacker her loan,
- formed her peer group and sponsored a 13-week
- entrepreneurial-training class.
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- Yunus is not the only Third World visionary to teach
- Americans to think more creatively about credit. "The U.S. is
- seven to eight years behind the rest of the world when it comes
- to lending to the poor," says William Burrus, executive
- director of Accion International, a private development
- organization in Cambridge, Mass. Accion has loaned $75 million
- to workers in Central and South America and created 100,000
- permanent jobs. When Accion decided to widen its mission to
- fight poverty in the U.S., it dispatched Delma Soto-Larsen to
- start a self-employment project in the Williamsburg section
- of Brooklyn. She has an M.B.A. and has worked for Citibank and
- Chemical Bank, but her real education began when Accion sent
- her to Colombia to unlearn all that she had been taught.
- "You're doing everything that all the books tell you not to
- do," she says. "You're making loans to people who can't prove
- that they can pay them back." In Colombia she saw dozens of
- people, some of them illiterate, borrowing money, using it
- wisely to build their businesses and carefully paying it back.
- That example may help her turn a Third World neighborhood into
- a first-rate investment.
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- By Nancy Gibbs. Reported by Christine Gorman/New York.
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